Recent strides in allergy treatment aim to get severe allergy sufferers up and moving with new pill and liquid (oral drop) treatments. If approved, these allergy drugs could work more effectively than and eventually replace traditional allergy shots.

Allergies and hay fever can cause allergy sufferers serious discomfort. In addition to a runny nose and nasal congestion, hay fever can cause sinus pressure, itchy eyes and dark circles under the eyes called allergic shiners. Severe hay fever also can cause sleep issues and sinus infections (sinusitis), and may worsen asthma problems.

Some allergy sufferers rely on injections to address these severe symptoms, especially in the spring and fall when allergies and hay fever peak. Shots are given frequently—as often as twice weekly to twice monthly—for several years to build a tolerance to allergens. This therapy is now available orally in pill or drop form, known as sublingual immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy can cut symptoms by 20-30 percent, slightly higher than the use of nasal sprays (17 percent) and daily antihistamines (12-15 percent). Although immunotherapy drops and tablets have not yet made their way to the United States, they are already being used in Europe. Researchers are still investigating the long-term effectiveness of sublingual immunotherapy. One such investigation appears in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

In the meantime, you can learn more about allergy shots and how to manage allergies and hay fever from the Mayo Clinic website.

Today is Save a Spider Day! These eight-legged little creatures will be making their way out as the weather gets warmer, so keep an eye out for them. Spring and summer are prime time for spiders, and this is when people experience bites the most.


Spider bites resemble mosquito bites—swelling, redness and irritation—unless they are from the black widow or brown recluse spiders. Venom from these types tends to cause more severe reactions.

Black widow venom causes fever, severe pain and stiffness, but these symptoms may not appear for a few hours. A brown recluse bite has similar symptoms, but is most distinguished by a large, fluid-filled blister. When the blister drains, it leaves the victim with a gaping ulcer. These bites have been known to cause death in very rare cases, but are otherwise easily treated. Contrary to popular belief, most spider bites are harmless.

Use these tips from Mayo Clinic to minimize spider bite discomfort:

Identify the Spider
Knowing what type of spider bit you will help you properly treat the bite. Some spider bites, such as those of a recluse, are more serious than others and may require immediate medical attention.

Clean the Wound
Infection is one of the most common complications of a spider bite, and can be worse than the bite itself. Use soap and water or a cleansing solution to disinfect the area. Applying antibiotic ointment will provide further protection against infections.

Keep It Cool
Applying a cold compress can help ease some of the discomfort of a bite. It will reduce swelling, as well as soothe itchiness or burning. A cold, wet cloth or bag of ice will also do.

Isolate the Area
In the event of a black widow or brown recluse bite, cut off circulation from the affected area by cinching with a belt or tie. This will help stop the spread of venom until medical assistance arrives.

Stay Alert
On rare occasions, a person may experience a severe allergic reaction to spider bites known as anaphylactic shock. Shock can cause the throat and nasal passageways to close, making it difficult to breathe. Nausea, rapid heartbeat, dizziness and low blood pressure are other symptoms. Call 911 as soon as possible. In most cases, doctors will administer an injection of epinephrine to stop the reaction.

While bites and cobwebs are at the top of our list of gripes against spiders, they do play an important role in human wellbeing. In addition to keeping disease-carrying insects at bay, the common house spider has been known to eat more dangerous varieties.

Spider venom is also used to produce medicine for treating stroke. Keep that in mind the next time a spider gives you a case of the creepy crawlies and save a spider!

Baby steps may be the key to helping people with peanut allergies. Gradually increasing exposure may help them build up a tolerance that could prevent bad reactions to accidental ingestion in the future.

Most people who are allergic to peanuts are also allergic to tree nuts. Someone with a less sensitive allergy may be able to tolerate certain co-products, such as peanut oil, but most aren’t so lucky. Even trace amounts of peanut products can set off a reaction.

"At the start of the study, these participants couldn't tolerate one-sixth of a peanut," Dr. Wesley Burks, chief of Duke’s Pediatric Allergy and Immunology division, said in a press release following the first trial. "Six months into it, they were ingesting 13 to 15 peanuts before they had a reaction."

Co-author Dr. Tamara Perry, of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, explained to Health Day that this research is not meant to help people eat peanuts, but to help prevent the severe reactions that come with accidental ingestion.

A peanut allergy can cause skin reactions (such as hives or swelling), diarrhea, and nausea/vomiting. It can also cause lightheadedness, a stuffy nose, or itchy, watery eyes. In more extreme reactions, blood pressure may drop to dangerous levels and cause difficulty breathing, sometimes resulting in loss of consciousness.

Researchers from Duke University ran several tests investigating the effectiveness of immunotherapy treatment. Fifteen children ate small amounts of food with peanut ingredients in slowly increasing amounts every day.

Although there were several reactions over the course of the study, children could safely consume 5,000 milligrams (about 15 peanuts) by the experiment’s finish. Eight of these children were re-tested after four weeks away from the program, and all were able to eat peanuts safely.

"Of course the ultimate goal would be to promote tolerance that would allow these patients—children and adults—to eat peanuts,” Perry told Health Day. “The immunotherapy work being carried out now shows a lot potential promise in that direction."

The success of Duke’s peanut immunotherapy treatment is hopeful, but more testing is needed to determine whether some of the effects were a result of children growing out of the allergy. Research is still in the early stages and should not be tried at home.

Read more about Duke’s research in the Duke University article.

Prescription drug sharing among teens is becoming a great concern in the United States, where 1 in 3 self-reportedly loan or borrow medication.
According to a survey funded by the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities (NCBDDD), 20.6% of teens reported loaning drugs, most commonly pain relievers and allergy medications, and 19.4% reported borrowing them. Girls were almost twice as likely to give away prescription medications than boys (27.5% of girls, compared to 17.4% for boys).

Information for the study was gathered in malls, parks and public streets, in eleven urban and suburban locations in the United States. Researchers obtained data from 594 teens—289 male and 305 female—ages 12-17.

“Prior to our study, no one had asked adolescents how often they shared prescription medications,” said lead author Richard Goldworthy, Ph.D., director for research and development at Academic Edge, Inc.

Researchers first asked participants whether or not they had ever loaned or borrowed prescription medications. Those who responded positively were then asked what type(s) of drugs were borrowed, whether they gave or received written or verbal instructions, and whether or not they had shared to avoid a doctor’s visit—74% of borrowers said yes.

Of the 86 teens trying to steer clear of the doctor’s office, 32.4% ended up going anyway when the problem persisted. Herein lies the danger: 43 of them reported experiencing an allergic reaction or other side effect, but less than half of borrowers (about 40%) reported telling their doctors they had used the medication.

Drug sharing has a number of negative consequences. Conditions often worsen when not taken care of in a timely manner, and using medications improperly only increases the danger. Sharing antibiotics, for example, unnecessarily increases bacterial resistance to treatment.

“Other researchers have studied people selling prescription drugs,” said co-author Chris Mayhorn, an associate professor in the Human Factors and Ergonomics Psychology Program at North Carolina State University. “ but we looked at people with good intentions, trying, for instance, to help a friend who lacked money or transportation.”

Taking a friend’s acne medication may seem innocent to a teen, however, drugs such as Accutane increase risk of depression and can cause serious birth defects in he event of an unplanned pregnancy.

The study has provided a greater incentive to boost educational programs, pushing efforts to reduce the growing drug sharing problem by training both patients and providers about proper drug use.

Melissa Haddow, executive director of the Community Partnership of the Ozarks, says, "This work highlights the diversity of medications being abused this way, which had not been recognized (before)."

More about child health.

 The air quality in and around your home may have negative effects on your child’s intelligence, according to a study by Columbia University Center for Children’s Environmental Health (CCCEH).

The study, released a week ago by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), found that children exposed to chemical pollutants called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in the air, water, and soil scored lower on IQ tests than children with lower exposure.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs, are chemical pollutants that can be found in the air, water, and soil. PAHs are typically released from the burning of fossil fuels (coal, diesel, oil, gas, etc.), tobacco and other natural substances. Auto emissions are a major source of PAHs in the United States, especially in heavily trafficked urban areas.

Doctor Frederica Perera, lead author and professor of Environmental Health Sciences at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, compares the exposure to such pollutants to low-level lead exposure. “These findings are of concern because these decreases in IQ could be educationally meaningful in terms of school performance,” she says. “IQ is an important predictor of future academic performance.”

A child’s developing fetal and nervous system is more vulnerable than an adult’s, and PAHs have been associated with higher cancer risk, asthma, allergies, low birth weight, and a reduced head circumference. Reduced head circumference, according to CCCEH, is connected with lower cognitive functioning and academic performance. In this study, the first of its kind, researchers hoped to study the relationship of in utero PAH exposure on a child’s intelligence.
 
Participants were non-smoking black and Dominican-American women, aged 18-35, residing in Washington Heights, Harlem and South Bronx, N.Y.—areas with higher pollutant exposure. During pregnancy participants regularly completed questionnaires and were asked to wear monitors that measured PAH levels.

Researchers followed the children, measuring IQ levels at age three and again at age five using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of the Intelligence. Of the 249 children, 140 had higher than the average 2.26 n/m3 level of exposure. The mean score for all children was 98.72, with a mean score of 96.6 for children whose exposure was classified as “high” and 101.6 for children with lower exposure. Scores differed by 4.67 on the verbal and 4.31 points on the full-scale test.

Researchers will continue to follow children to age 11 to learn more about the effects of PAHs on intelligence and child development. “It should serve as a warning bell to us all,” says Linda Birnbaum, Ph.D., director of NIEHS. “We need to do more to prevent environmental exposures from harming our children.”

Want more information about health during pregnancy? Visit Healia's Pregnancy Community or take the Healia Pregnancy Quiz!

A little bee venom may be a good thing. Some people are so allergic to bee stings and other insect bites that they are in danger of potentially lethal anaphylactic shock. Such shock can be fatal if obstruction of the airway occurs, blood pressure drops, or heart rate or heart rhythms are interrupted. One method of treatment involves injecting small, periodic doses of venom from bees and other stinging insects to help the patient build up immunity. Venom therapy was developed in the 1970s at Johns Hopkins.

In a recent study by Johns Hopkins and published in the June 2009 Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the same venom shots can help treat non-fatal but serious allergic reactions to insect stings. While not dangerous, large local allergic reactions can be painful and inconvenient. People who have jobs or hobbies such as landscaping, gardening and golfing are likely to be adversely affected by painful reactions that may cause severe swelling that lasts for days. Until now, if the reaction was not life-threatening, they were typically denied venom therapy.

“We just didn’t know if venom therapy would work or cause problems for these patients,” says David Golden, M.D., an associate professor of medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
To find out, he and his colleagues recruited volunteers who were subject to unavoidable frequent stings owing to outdoor jobs or hobbies. From that group, Golden selected those whose reactions were marked by extremely large swellings of at least 16 cm—about the size of a football.

Golden’s team subjected the subjects to an initial sting to rigorously measure their response, then separated them into two groups: 19 who would get venom shots once a week for seven to 11 weeks over a summer, and 10 who would get no shots. While the control group members’ responses to stings stayed the same, those in the treatment group showed 50 percent less swelling on average.

After the first summer, both groups received venom therapy for up to four years. Following two or more years of treatment, both groups had swellings about 60 percent smaller on average than initial measurements, though the response to treatment varied.

Golden and his team plan to investigate why some patients experienced almost complete elimination of their allergic reaction whiler others still experienced moderate swelling. Click to read more about the study.

Post your questions about allergies and chat with other allergy sufferers at Healia Allergy Online Health Community and Support Group.

If pollen and other outdoor allergens—rather than stinging insects—cause your allergic reactions, find out more about how to treat them in the Healia Outdoor Allergies Guide.

Bo Obama, the new “hypoallergenic” First Dog, was officially introduced to droves of eager reporters on the South Lawn of the White House yesterday. The six-month-old frisky Portuguese water dog was selected for the Obama children because one of them, Malia, has allergies. Unfortunately, there is no such thing as a truly hypoallergenic dog.

The great media coverage of Bo Obama and the Presidential quest to find a hypoallergenic dog has fueled a common public misconception about dog allergies. According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma&Immunology (AAAAI), a truly hypoallergenic dog is a myth.

It turns out that people with allergies react to certain proteins found in animal dander (dead skin cells), saliva, and urine; they usually do not have allergic reactions to animal hair itself. All dogs secrete proteins that are dispersed via microscopic airborne particles in the home and they will trigger reactions when inhaled by allergic people. And while it is true that certain dog breeds produce less potentially allergenic dander, people may even be allergic to a hairless dog.

Beside the Portuguese water dog, other breeds that are marketed by breeders as hypoallergenic include poodles, schnauzers, certain terriers, and poodle hybrids largely because they do not shed as much as other breeds.  While reduced shedding may reduce the amount of dander that ends up in the home, the size of the dog and the ability of the owner to bath the dog regularly (and remove dander) may be just as or even more important in determining whether the dog will be problem in allergic households.

According to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, approximately 15 to 30 percent of people with allergies have allergic reactions to cats and dogs.

If you have allergies and are looking for a pet, consider spending some time with the prospective pet before taking the animal. If you do not have an allergic reaction after prolonged contact with the animal, then subsequent allergic reactions are less likely.

The AAAAI recommends the following tips for dog owners who have allergies:

• Visit an allergist/immunologist to diagnose the allergy and discuss treatment, which may include maintenance medications or immunotherapy (allergy shots).
• Keep the pet out of the allergic person’s bedroom. Animal dander will collect on pillows, leading to worsened symptoms at night and morning.
• Bathe the animal weekly to reduce the amount of dander shed at home.
• Replace carpeting with hardwood or other solid-surface flooring for easy clean-up.
• Vacuuming may not be effective in decreasing allergen levels, but using a HEPA filter and double bags may help.
• Wash bedding and clothing in hot water. While animal allergens are not easily removed by high temperatures, these measures may help.

For more information, see the Healia guides on allergies and outdoor allergies and take our allergy quiz game. If you have a question about allergies, ask Healia’s allergy community and medical students.


_{Photo: Giles Douglas, Flickr, Creative Commons}

For people with springtime allergies, this time of year can be difficult to deal with. Fortunately, there are ways to help minimize your exposure to potential outdoor allergens and thereby reduce their aggravating effects. Yesterday, we provided a list of the top 5 "dos" for preventing outdoor allergy symptoms. Today we present a list of the top 5 don’ts for minimizing symptoms caused by springtime allergies.

• DON'T mow lawns or be around freshly cut grass, as mowing stirs up pollens and molds.
  
• DON'T rake leaves, as this also stirs up pollen and molds.
  
• DON'T hang sheets or clothing outside to dry, as they will collect pollens and mold.
  
• DON'T grow too many, or overwater, indoor plants if you are allergic to mold. Wet soil encourages mold growth.
  
• DON'T take more medication than recommended in an attempt to lessen your symptoms. If your symptoms are worsening, talk to your doctor or allergist about adjusting your medications.

To find out more about outdoor allergy treatments and prevention, see "What Treatments are Available for Outdoor Allergies?" and "How Can I Prevent Outdoor Allergies" in the Healia Health Guide to Outdoor Allergies.

 

_{Source: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Tips to Remember: Outdoor allergens. http://www.aaaai.org/patients/publicedmat/tips/outdoorallergens.stm}

_{Photo: tanakawho, Flickr, Creative Commons}

It’s that time of year again. In many parts of the country, the snow has melted, the grass has resumed its growth cycle, flowers have started to appear… and springtime allergy season has begun.

For people with springtime allergies, this time of year can be difficult to deal with. Fortunately, there are things you can do to help minimize your exposure to potential outdoor allergens and reduce their aggravating effects. The following tips include the top 5 things you can do to help avoid symptoms caused by outdoor allergens. Tomorrow’s list will give the top 5 "don’ts."

• DO keep your windows closed at night to prevent allergens such as pollens or molds from drifting into your home. If you live in a warm climate, use air conditioning, which not only cools the air but also cleans and dries it.
  
• DO minimize your activity during 5 and 10 a.m. when pollen is usually emitted.
  
• DO keep your car windows closed when traveling. Use the "re-circulate" setting on your vehicles’s vent system to keep allergens from getting in.
  
• DO try to stay indoors on days when the pollen count or humidity is reported to be high, and on windy days when dust and pollen can be blown around.
  
• DO take your allergy medications as prescribed by your allergist/immunologist regularly, in the recommended dosage. If your current regimen isn’t working, make an appointment with your allergist to have your medication adjusted.

To find out more about outdoor allergy treatments and prevention, see "What Treatments are Available for Outdoor Allergies?" and ""How Can I Prevent Outdoor Allergies" in the Healia Health Guide to Outdoor Allergies .

_{Source: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Tips to Remember: Outdoor allergens. http://www.aaaai.org/patients/publicedmat/tips/outdoorallergens.stm}

_{Photo: spakattacks, Flickr, Creative Commons}

As allergy season is already underway in many places, today we provide a list of the states that have the best policy record regarding school-based management of asthma and allergies. The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA) created the 2008 State Honor Roll of Asthma and Allergy Policies for Schools to help encourage states to recognize and develop better state-wide school-based policies and practices for students with asthma and allergies.

AAFA researchers identified 18 "core policy standards" related to asthma and allergies policy that are currently in place in states across the U.S. The policy standards formed three broad categories: medication&treatment, awareness, and school environment. The states with the most of these 18 policy standards in place were considered to be states to be at the forefront asthma and allergy school advocacy. Six states with a minimum of 15 out of the 18 policy standards in place were named "Honor Roll" states for their leadership in mandating comprehensive state-wide school policies that address the needs of students with asthma, food allergies, anaphylaxis and other related allergic diseases in primary and secondary schools. These states appear below, followed by the number (out of 18) policy standards they currently have in place. Thirteen other states made honorable mention, having 14 of the 18 policy standards in place, while the remaining 31 states still have some work to do to catch up.

The top 6 "Honor Roll" states for school asthma and allergy policies are:

1. Connecticut (17 of 18 policy standards)
2. New Jersey (17)
3. Vermont (17)
4. Rhode Island (16)
5. Massachusetts (15)
6. Washington (15)

For more information about seasonal allergies, consult the Healia Health Guide to Outdoor Allergies. For information on other types of allergies or asthma, see the Healia Health Guide on Allergies, or the Healia Health Guide to Asthma. Share your own experiences with asthma or allergies in the schools at the Healia Health Community for Asthma or the Healia Health Community for Allergy.

_{Source: Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, 2008 State Honor Roll of Asthma and Allergy Policies for Schools, 9/08. Available at: http://aafa.org/pdfs/FINALv2_STATE_HONOR_ROLL%20Full%20Report%202008.pdf}

_{Photo: The TruthAbout..., Flickr, Creative Commons}