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Substance Use and Chemical Dependency

March 12th, 2010

Debate Over "Fake Marijuana" Questions Risks

Controversy is brewing over K2, a "drug" similar to pot. Prior to its ban last week in Kansas and another county in Missouri, the drug was completely legal in all 50 states. Now there is debate over the dangers involved with its use.

Photo by: icasaurusrex, Flikr, Creative CommonsK2—sometimes called “genie” or “Zohai”—is a substance chemically similar to pot. Its key ingredient, JWH-018, is a synthetic cannabinoid that mimics marijuana’s euphoria-causing agent THC.

Clemson University chemist John W. Huffman developed the chemical in 1995 for purely experimental purposes, but its legitimacy and availability made it a popular alternative to marijuana.

The chemical is sprayed on herbs and sold as an incense called “spice”, but is more often smoked to get high—JWH can be up to five times more potent than marijuana.

Little is known about the actual effects of the drug, but some users have reported hallucinations, vomiting and high blood pressure. Others say it’s one of the best highs they’ve ever experienced. The drug is unregulated, which may explain why some users have experienced adverse effects. You can never be sure of what you’ll get.

Legislators and concerned parents continue to squabble about its legitimacy, but for now it’s still legal in most states. Huffman told The Observer he’s just surprised it didn’t catch on sooner.

"I've come to the conclusion,” he says, “that if an enterprising person wants to find a new way to get high, they're going to do it."

The bottom line is that more investigation is needed to determine the effects of the drug’s use. Read the original article on K2 in Newsweek, or see Huffman’s interview in The Observer.

February 6th, 2010

Mental Health Stigma May Hinder Workers From Seeking Help

Worries over job security and the stigma attached to mental illness may be keeping workers from seeking professional help for mental and emotional disorders.

Photo by: Me and the Sysop, Flikr, Creative CommonsAn online survey conducted by the American Psychiatric Association reported three out of five workers expressed concern that mental health counseling would threaten professional status. More than 2,000 adults participated in the study; 1,129 were employed full- or part-time.

Although 40 percent of respondents said their employers were supportive of employee health treatment, others said their employers were less supportive of health services, more so for those concerning mental health.

Participants affected by drug addiction, alcoholism and depression were most concerned. People with diabetes and heart disease were shortly behind.

According to a report in Research Works, a publication of the Partnership for Workplace Mental Health (PWMH), there is a high prevalence of these conditions in the workplace.

“The majority (about two thirds) of people with symptoms of clinical criteria for having mental and substance use disorders do not receive any treatment at all for these conditions,” wrote report author Mark Attridge, PhD. In addition to job security and professional status, confidentiality was another concern for employees.

Researchers say that employee access to quality mental health and addiction services is needed. They suggest that the workplace promote promotion and intervention, and that employers make sure employees know how to access their benefits. They also encourage employers to be supportive and to reassure workers of confidentiality.

Dr. Alan Axelson, PWMH council chairman, stresses the importance of encouraging employees to take care of their mental and physical health, and explains that it can benefit employers as well.

“Research supports the fact that when people receive needed care, they are healthier and more productive,” he said in a press release, “Employers realize the return on their healthcare investment.”

September 4th, 2009

Worry Over Potential Job Loss Weighs On Health

Stressing about losing your job may cause more harm than actual job loss. More than 1,700 participants in the American’s Changing Lives (ACL) and the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) studies were asked: How likely is it that during the next couple of years you will involuntarily lose your job? Researchers from the University of Michigan and the University of California wanted to find the effects of job insecurity on employee health.

"It may seem surprising that chronically high job-insecurity is more strongly linked with health declines than actual job loss or unemployment," says Sarah Burgard, lead author of the study and research assistant professor in the University of Michigan’s Department of Sociology and School of Public Health, "but there are a number of reasons why this is the case.”

She explains that worry about the future and inability to take action are just a few reasons employees may find worry over potential job loss nerve-racking. “When you consider that not only income but so many of the important benefits that give Americans some piece of mind—including health insurance and retirement benefits—are tied to employment for most people, it's understandable that persistent job insecurity is so stressful.”

Information for both studies was obtained during periods of economic uncertainty. Participants were asked to evaluate their current state of health and their likelihood of job loss. Phone interviews (and questionnaires between interviews) using a five-point scale—1 being “poor” and 5 being “excellent”—enabled researchers to track certain changes. The strongest association with health problems was linked to people who were catergorized as “persistently insecure.”

 “Job insecurity is nothing new,” Burgard says, “but the numbers experiencing persistent job insecurity could be considerably higher during this global recession, so these findings could apply much more broadly today than they did even a few years ago.”

Job insecurity can cause a variety of adverse physical, mental and emotional health complications. Short-term and prolonged stress can weaken the immune system, cause headaches, raise heart rate, increase anxiety, and cause skin and stomach problems.

If this stress is not dealt with, it can lead to greater heart problems (such as heart attack or high blood pressure), emotional disorders/depression, asthma, and stroke. In some cases, substance abuse may result from using alcohol or drugs as a coping mechanism. In one of the groups, prolonged stress due to job insecurity was a greater predictor of employee health than smoking or high blood pressure.


Find out more about how to cope with stress or visit Healia's Stress Management Community.

February 6th, 2008

Heath Ledger’s Accidental Misuse of Prescription Medicines Underscores Need for Drug Interaction Awareness

The New York medical examiner’s office reported today that Heath Ledger’s sudden death was attributed to an accidental overdose of prescription medications including painkillers, anti-anxiety drugs, and sleeping pills. Heath Ledger, a 28-year old actor best known for his Oscar-nominated role in the 2005 film "Brokeback Mountain”, died January 22, 2008 in a New York apartment.

A statement by the medical examiner’s office concluded that his death was the result of misuse of prescription medications and acute intoxication by the combined effects of oxycodone, hydrocodone, diazepam, temazepam, alprazolam, and doxylamine. This drug combination can cause the brain and brain stem to halt, leading to depletion of heart and lung function.

There are hidden dangers of combining prescription medication, even when they have been prescribed in low dosage amounts. It is important to let your doctor know about all of the drugs you are taking to avoid the dangerous effects that can result from drug interactions. More information about drug interactions and drug safety is available at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Web site.

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